P3 - Describe the structure and purpose for different news articles
Subject and Purpose:
The Articles im analysing:
The Daily Mail:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-4419916/David-Bradley-appear-Doctor-Christmas-special.html
The Sun:
https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/3352848/harry-redknapp-birmingham-manager/
The Guardian:
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/sep/22/bank-of-england-interest-rate-cut-to-025-should-prevent-recession
The Telegraph:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/17/hackney-least12-clubbers-burned-noxious-substance-dalston-club/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-4419916/David-Bradley-appear-Doctor-Christmas-special.html
The Sun:
https://www.thesun.co.uk/sport/football/3352848/harry-redknapp-birmingham-manager/
The Guardian:
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/sep/22/bank-of-england-interest-rate-cut-to-025-should-prevent-recession
The Telegraph:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/17/hackney-least12-clubbers-burned-noxious-substance-dalston-club/
The Headline Storys for the apps:
The news apps for BBC, Sky, and The Guardian all covered the bombing’s in New York last night.
The BBC News app’s headline was “New York Bombs ‘both pressure cookers’. “. The Daily Mail’s headline was “German far-right leader’s car is torched.” The Guardian’s headline was “US bomb’s/five more devices found at a train station in New Jersey.” The independent’s headline was ” Youngest child refuge to die in a quest to reach the UK.” Sky News’ headline was “New Jersey blasts as five held over NY bomb.”
Rest of the script - Not found in the recording
How the app presents and promotes the top stories:
The ‘BBC’ has a large shocking headline which grabs the reader’s attention. Underneath, there is a large image of the effects of the bombing. This image evokes emotions and it makes you feel sorry for the victims.
‘The Daily Mail’ also has a large headline. This title is much longer than the rest and it is less catchy/memorable, but it is as shocking. There is one massive picture which is surrounded by many little pictures.
‘The Guardian’ has a large, and easy to read title. This is catchy, shocking and it attracts the reader. There is also a picture underneath the title, this is the thumbnail for the included video.
The ‘Independent’ has a big and short title. There is a picture underneath of a migrant crying. This will make the reader feel sorry for the child.
‘Sky News’ also has a large title with a large picture underneath. However, it has a mini sample of the video which is in the story.
The ‘Mode of address’ of the journalism:
The ‘BBC’s’ report is written in ‘third person’, it uses Colloquial language. There is no slang or formal writing. There isn’t much spacing between the text and other media content. There is a use of pictures, videos, and graphics.
‘The Daily Mail’ is written in ‘third person’, the language used is mostly colloquial but there is some formal language. There isn’t much spacing between the text and the pictures. There also isn’t any graphics or videos, there are just photos.
‘The Guardian’ is also written in ‘third person’, it uses mostly Colloquial language with a lot of formal language used. There is very little spacing between the text. There is mostly text, but there are few photos, videos, and graphics.
The ‘Independent’ also is written in ‘third person’. It uses some Colloquial language but it is mostly formal. There is little spacing between the text. There are only photos, there isn’t any videos or graphics.
‘Sky,’ is also written in ‘third person’. There is Colloquial language and a few bits of slang used. The spacing between the text is considerably larger than most and the paragraphs are smaller. There are also only photos and videos used.
Media used in the stories:
The ‘BBC’ had a video explaining what had happened. There was also a map of the locations of the bombs. There were pictures of rubble and the aftermath of the attack. There was also a video of the Mayor of New York’s reaction and also close by citizens. The text contained a lot of information.
‘The Daily Mail’ had a few videos containing CCTV footage and local people’s reactions. There were devastating pictures of people injured and the locations. There is also facts in the text.
‘The Guardian’ contained a lot of textual information. There were however a few photos and videos.
You had to pay to view the ‘Independent’s’ content. But, form the title there was a lot of text and very few photos.
‘Sky’ contained a lot of pictures and a lot less text. There are a few videos and there aren’t any graphics.
Topic of the majority of news stories on the apps:
On Saturday 17th of September 2016, there was a bomb attack in New York. There were other devices found but the were successfully disarmed. However, the first bomb exploded and injured a few people. The bombers were shrapnel-filled pressure cookers – these are the same as the bombs which were used in the boson marathon bombings in 2013.
How audiences can give their opinions and communicate with each other about the news stories:
The ‘BBC’ news app allows users to share the story straight to social media. So does ‘The Guardian’. ‘The daily mail’ allows you to share as well but you can also comment on the website as well. ‘The independent’ doesn’t allow you to share their new. ‘Sky’ also allows you to share on social media, but you are also able to report straight to ‘Sky’ if you wish to tell them something.
The news apps for BBC, Sky, and The Guardian all covered the bombing’s in New York last night.
The BBC News app’s headline was “New York Bombs ‘both pressure cookers’. “. The Daily Mail’s headline was “German far-right leader’s car is torched.” The Guardian’s headline was “US bomb’s/five more devices found at a train station in New Jersey.” The independent’s headline was ” Youngest child refuge to die in a quest to reach the UK.” Sky News’ headline was “New Jersey blasts as five held over NY bomb.”
Rest of the script - Not found in the recording
How the app presents and promotes the top stories:
The ‘BBC’ has a large shocking headline which grabs the reader’s attention. Underneath, there is a large image of the effects of the bombing. This image evokes emotions and it makes you feel sorry for the victims.
‘The Daily Mail’ also has a large headline. This title is much longer than the rest and it is less catchy/memorable, but it is as shocking. There is one massive picture which is surrounded by many little pictures.
‘The Guardian’ has a large, and easy to read title. This is catchy, shocking and it attracts the reader. There is also a picture underneath the title, this is the thumbnail for the included video.
The ‘Independent’ has a big and short title. There is a picture underneath of a migrant crying. This will make the reader feel sorry for the child.
‘Sky News’ also has a large title with a large picture underneath. However, it has a mini sample of the video which is in the story.
The ‘Mode of address’ of the journalism:
The ‘BBC’s’ report is written in ‘third person’, it uses Colloquial language. There is no slang or formal writing. There isn’t much spacing between the text and other media content. There is a use of pictures, videos, and graphics.
‘The Daily Mail’ is written in ‘third person’, the language used is mostly colloquial but there is some formal language. There isn’t much spacing between the text and the pictures. There also isn’t any graphics or videos, there are just photos.
‘The Guardian’ is also written in ‘third person’, it uses mostly Colloquial language with a lot of formal language used. There is very little spacing between the text. There is mostly text, but there are few photos, videos, and graphics.
The ‘Independent’ also is written in ‘third person’. It uses some Colloquial language but it is mostly formal. There is little spacing between the text. There are only photos, there isn’t any videos or graphics.
‘Sky,’ is also written in ‘third person’. There is Colloquial language and a few bits of slang used. The spacing between the text is considerably larger than most and the paragraphs are smaller. There are also only photos and videos used.
Media used in the stories:
The ‘BBC’ had a video explaining what had happened. There was also a map of the locations of the bombs. There were pictures of rubble and the aftermath of the attack. There was also a video of the Mayor of New York’s reaction and also close by citizens. The text contained a lot of information.
‘The Daily Mail’ had a few videos containing CCTV footage and local people’s reactions. There were devastating pictures of people injured and the locations. There is also facts in the text.
‘The Guardian’ contained a lot of textual information. There were however a few photos and videos.
You had to pay to view the ‘Independent’s’ content. But, form the title there was a lot of text and very few photos.
‘Sky’ contained a lot of pictures and a lot less text. There are a few videos and there aren’t any graphics.
Topic of the majority of news stories on the apps:
On Saturday 17th of September 2016, there was a bomb attack in New York. There were other devices found but the were successfully disarmed. However, the first bomb exploded and injured a few people. The bombers were shrapnel-filled pressure cookers – these are the same as the bombs which were used in the boson marathon bombings in 2013.
How audiences can give their opinions and communicate with each other about the news stories:
The ‘BBC’ news app allows users to share the story straight to social media. So does ‘The Guardian’. ‘The daily mail’ allows you to share as well but you can also comment on the website as well. ‘The independent’ doesn’t allow you to share their new. ‘Sky’ also allows you to share on social media, but you are also able to report straight to ‘Sky’ if you wish to tell them something.
M2 - ANALYSE LINGUISTIC CONVENTIONS WITHIN DIFFERENT NEWS ARTICLES
Critical Analysis:
Sensationalism
Sensationalism by Oscar JH Carter on Scribd
Link to Article mentioned : http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/10/20/mysterious-ninth-planet-may-have-caused-entire-solar-system-to-t/
The Who, What, Where, When, Why and How of News Stories
Link to Article mentioned : https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/sep/22/yahoo-hack-data-state-sponsored
Linguistics Analysis
Link to Article mentioned : http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-39422747
Bernstein restricted and elaborated codes
Restricted Codes:
The restricted code considers who it is that shares the same assumptions and options of a chosen topic, therefore it creates discussions for the reader and it makes them think and analyse what it is that the creator of the News/Article is trying to inform them. However, the restricted code was the language used by and for the working class. This type of language was more restricted in the word choices and so in turn more restricted in understanding because there was less ways to convey an opinion or detail a story. So, there won't be a large amount of people who can apply to this code. There are many groups (e.g - family and friends) who have similar assumptions as you. So this creates discussion between them about a topic and it makes them feel as if they belong to a form on niche.
The elaborated code:
The elaborated code is significantly different to the restricted codes. This code assumes that the reader has the ability to share similar knowledge and assumptions as the article so therefore the article is created in a more detailed and explicit fashion. This is so the reader doesn't need to stop and think between the lines. It lays everything out so it helps the reader know everything about the topic and that journalists believe that they would not know about it. This doesn't allow the reader to think and discuss for themselves. However, it does allow everyone to understand the topic instead of just a select group of people.
Discuss how Bernstein's restricted and elaborated codes apply.
Bernstein's restricted and elaborated codes could apply to the BBC Article which I am discussing, this is because the article doesn't have any form of discussion. The actual article doesn't focus on the information in regards to Brexit, nor does it explain about what the Referendum is actually about. This is because it is assumed that the audience already know about it. The focus of the article is on the reasons as to why Scotland want the referendum and the arguments for and agains it. The focus on the points and reasons. The article also features notes from PM Theresa May, she is arguing agains the referendum and she talks about her opinions and reasons for this. This therefore creates a debate between those for and against the referendum, and the article focuses on this.
On the other had, the Elaborated codes of Bernstein could apply because the article includes some features where it doesn't just assume the reader/viewer of it knows all the key information about the Scottish Referendum in question. In talks about it in some detail about what the actual Scottish Referendum is actually about. Again, in this section, the article doesn't include any form of discussion with the reader as it just states the facts. However, it does help in informing the audience with the key information in regards to this bit of news and as to why it is going on. In a later segment of the article, it goes into depth in regards to the Scottish parliament say on the matter. This is because the section has lots of quotes from MP's and goes into detail as to what these quotes are actually about. This in turn helps the reader understand the entire story and what the different sides to the debate are talking about.
Restricted Codes:
The restricted code considers who it is that shares the same assumptions and options of a chosen topic, therefore it creates discussions for the reader and it makes them think and analyse what it is that the creator of the News/Article is trying to inform them. However, the restricted code was the language used by and for the working class. This type of language was more restricted in the word choices and so in turn more restricted in understanding because there was less ways to convey an opinion or detail a story. So, there won't be a large amount of people who can apply to this code. There are many groups (e.g - family and friends) who have similar assumptions as you. So this creates discussion between them about a topic and it makes them feel as if they belong to a form on niche.
The elaborated code:
The elaborated code is significantly different to the restricted codes. This code assumes that the reader has the ability to share similar knowledge and assumptions as the article so therefore the article is created in a more detailed and explicit fashion. This is so the reader doesn't need to stop and think between the lines. It lays everything out so it helps the reader know everything about the topic and that journalists believe that they would not know about it. This doesn't allow the reader to think and discuss for themselves. However, it does allow everyone to understand the topic instead of just a select group of people.
Discuss how Bernstein's restricted and elaborated codes apply.
Bernstein's restricted and elaborated codes could apply to the BBC Article which I am discussing, this is because the article doesn't have any form of discussion. The actual article doesn't focus on the information in regards to Brexit, nor does it explain about what the Referendum is actually about. This is because it is assumed that the audience already know about it. The focus of the article is on the reasons as to why Scotland want the referendum and the arguments for and agains it. The focus on the points and reasons. The article also features notes from PM Theresa May, she is arguing agains the referendum and she talks about her opinions and reasons for this. This therefore creates a debate between those for and against the referendum, and the article focuses on this.
On the other had, the Elaborated codes of Bernstein could apply because the article includes some features where it doesn't just assume the reader/viewer of it knows all the key information about the Scottish Referendum in question. In talks about it in some detail about what the actual Scottish Referendum is actually about. Again, in this section, the article doesn't include any form of discussion with the reader as it just states the facts. However, it does help in informing the audience with the key information in regards to this bit of news and as to why it is going on. In a later segment of the article, it goes into depth in regards to the Scottish parliament say on the matter. This is because the section has lots of quotes from MP's and goes into detail as to what these quotes are actually about. This in turn helps the reader understand the entire story and what the different sides to the debate are talking about.
Additional Work:
Who are IPSO and what do they do?
IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisation) is the independent regulator for the newspaper and magazine industry.
What is the “Editor’s code of practice”?
The Editors’ Code of Practice sets out the rules that newspapers and magazines regulated by IPSO have agreed to follow. The Code is written and administered by the Editors’ Code Committee and enforced by IPSO.
Three public interest exceptions the Editor’s code does not cover:
The privacy rule in the Editor’s code of conduct states “Everyone is entitled to respect for his or her private and family life, home, health, and correspondence, including digital communications.”
This clearly means that the privacy rule was broken and this goes against the Editor’s code of conduct. So this is why the phone hacking broke the rules of the Editor’s code of conduct.
Valid complaints?
The Daily express had an inaccurate headline: “Migration force: 1.5 million more EU migrants flocked to UK than government admitted”. This complaint didn’t go thorough and The Daily express got to keep their inaccurate title. I feel that this should have been changed as it is inaccurate and misleading.
The Sunday Times also had an inaccurate headline: “Islamic school bans pupil for boy-girl chat” This complaint also didn’t go through and the title was kept. I feel like this title wasn’t significantly wrong, so it doesn’t matter that it stayed.
The news website express.co.uk had produced the title “Amazing things we get back if we leave EU”. This was reported for an accuracy issue with the photos in the article. These issues were resolved, the pictures were removed and the incorrect captions were corrected.
IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisation) is the independent regulator for the newspaper and magazine industry.
What is the “Editor’s code of practice”?
The Editors’ Code of Practice sets out the rules that newspapers and magazines regulated by IPSO have agreed to follow. The Code is written and administered by the Editors’ Code Committee and enforced by IPSO.
Three public interest exceptions the Editor’s code does not cover:
- Publications which are not members of IPSO
- Legal or contractual matters or on anything which is already the subject of legal proceedings
- Complaints about the delivery of newspapers and magazines – contact your newsagent or the publisher
The privacy rule in the Editor’s code of conduct states “Everyone is entitled to respect for his or her private and family life, home, health, and correspondence, including digital communications.”
This clearly means that the privacy rule was broken and this goes against the Editor’s code of conduct. So this is why the phone hacking broke the rules of the Editor’s code of conduct.
Valid complaints?
The Daily express had an inaccurate headline: “Migration force: 1.5 million more EU migrants flocked to UK than government admitted”. This complaint didn’t go thorough and The Daily express got to keep their inaccurate title. I feel that this should have been changed as it is inaccurate and misleading.
The Sunday Times also had an inaccurate headline: “Islamic school bans pupil for boy-girl chat” This complaint also didn’t go through and the title was kept. I feel like this title wasn’t significantly wrong, so it doesn’t matter that it stayed.
The news website express.co.uk had produced the title “Amazing things we get back if we leave EU”. This was reported for an accuracy issue with the photos in the article. These issues were resolved, the pictures were removed and the incorrect captions were corrected.